Pharmacogenomics of Codeine, Morphine, and Morphine-6-Glucuronide: Model-Based Analysis of the Influence of CYP2D6 Activity, UGT2B7 Activity, Renal Impairment, and CYP3A4 Inhibition
Abstract:
Background and Objective: The analgesic effect of codeine depends on the formation of the opioid metabolites morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide. Different factors have been shown or suspected to affect the safety and efficacy of codeine treatment. The objective of the current study is to assess and quantify the impact of important pharmacokinetic factors, using a mechanistic modeling approach. Methods: By means of a generic modeling approach integrating prior physiologic knowledge, we systematically investigated the complex dependence of opioid exposure on cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 (CYP2D6 and CYP3A4), and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) activity, as well as renal function, by means of a virtual clinical trial. Results: First, the known dominant role of CYP2D6 activity for morphine exposure was reproduced. Second, the model demonstrated that mild and moderate renal impairment and co-administration of CYP3A4 inhibitors have only minor influences on opioid exposure. Third, the model showed - in contrast to current opinion - that increased UGT2B7 activity is associated with a decrease in active opioid exposure. Conclusion: Overall, the model-based analysis predicts a wide range of morphine levels after codeine administration and supports recent doubts about safe and efficacious use of codeine for analgesia in non-genotyped individuals.
Projects: E4: Vertical integration across biological scales, G: Clinical translation
Mol Diagn Ther
Mol Diagn Ther 16(1): 43-53
23rd Feb 2012
Thomas Eissing, Jörg Lippert, Stefan Willmann
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- Created: 1st Mar 2012 at 16:49
- Last updated: 24th Oct 2013 at 16:16
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